Search results for "observational [Methods]"
showing 10 items of 897 documents
Lipid-lowering nutraceuticals in clinical practice: position paper from an International Lipid Expert Panel
2017
In recent years, there has been growing interest in the possible use of nutraceuticals to improve and optimize dyslipidemia control and therapy. Based on the data from available studies, nutraceuticals might help patients obtain theraputic lipid goals and reduce cardiovascular residual risk. Some nutraceuticals have essential lipid-lowering properties confirmed in studies; some might also have possible positive effects on nonlipid cardiovascular risk factors and have been shown to improve early markers of vascular health such as endothelial function and pulse wave velocity. However, the clinical evidence supporting the use of a single lipid-lowering nutraceutical or a combination of them is…
Polynomial Regression and Measurement Error
2020
Many of the phenomena of interest in information systems (IS) research are nonlinear, and it has consequently been recognized that by applying linear statistical models (e.g., linear regression), we may ignore important aspects of these phenomena. To address this issue, IS researchers are increasingly applying nonlinear models to their datasets. One popular analytical technique for the modeling and analysis of nonlinear relationships is polynomial regression, which in its simplest form fits a "U-shaped" curve to the data. However, the use of polynomial regression can be problematic when the independent variables are contaminated with measurement error, and the implications of error can be m…
COPD in elderly patients – an analysis of the DACCORD observational study
2018
Introduction: In elderly patients COPD is frequently complicated by the presence of several comorbidities and the many non-COPD-related medications prescribed to treat these conditions. This analysis aims to characterize COPD patients above the age of 75 in a real-world cohort in Germany. Methods: DACCORD is a prospective, non-interventional study collecting data from COPD patients treated in primary and secondary care. Prior to study entry, patients either initiated or changed COPD maintenance medication. Moderate/severe exacerbations, COPD-medication and non-COPD medication were documented at baseline and every 3 months. Comorbidities were documented at baseline. Results: Baseline charact…
Cost-effectiveness of psychotropic polypharmacy in routine schizophrenia care. Results of the ELAN prospective observational trial
2018
Abstract Aims To analyse the costs and cost-effectiveness of psychotropic polypharmacy in comparison to antipsychotic monotherapy in patients with schizophrenia and schizo-affective disorder under real-world treatment conditions. Methods A prospective observational study including 374 adult psychiatric in-patients with schizophrenia or schizo-affective disorder was conducted. Psychotropic regimen, clinical outcomes, and quality of life were assessed before discharge and after 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Costs and outcomes of psychotropic polypharmacy in comparison to antipsychotic monotherapy were analysed by means of mixed-effects regression models adjusted for propensity scores. Net-benefit…
Predictors of mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in older adults: the role of socio-demographic variables and COVID-19 anxiety
2021
The objective of this study was to evaluate factors related to the mental health of Peruvian older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study had a cross-sectional and observational design. A total of 274 older adults in Lima, Peru (Mage = 67.86) filled out a sociodemographic survey, the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, Mental Health Inventory-5, Patient Health Questionnaire-2 item, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale. A Structural Equation Model (SEM) was estimated to test an a priori model that relates the sociodemographic variables, COVID-19 Anxiety, psychological well-being, anxiety and depression. The model fit indices indicated a good fit to the data. The socio-demographic variables …
A cautionary note on the finite sample behavior of maximal reliability.
2019
Several calls have been made for replacing coefficient α with more contemporary model-based reliability coefficients in psychological research. Under the assumption of unidimensional measurement scales and independent measurement errors, two leading alternatives are composite reliability and maximal reliability. Of these two, the maximal reliability statistic, or equivalently Hancock's H, has received a significant amount of attention in recent years. The difference between composite reliability and maximal reliability is that the former is a reliability index for a scale mean (or unweighted sum), whereas the latter estimates the reliability of a scale score where indicators are weighted di…
Construct and predictive validity of a self-reported measure of preclinical mobility limitation.
2007
Abstract Manty M, Heinonen A, Leinonen R, Tormakangas T, Sakari-Rantala R, Hirvensalo M, von Bonsdorff MB, Rantanen T. Construct and predictive validity of a self-reported measure of preclinical mobility limitation. Objectives To validate self-reported preclinical mobility limitation concept and self-report assessment method against muscle power and walking speed, and to study the predictive validity of preclinical mobility limitation with respect to future risk of manifest mobility limitation. Design Observational prospective cohort study and cross-sectional analysis. Setting Research laboratory and community. Participants A total of 632 community-living (age range, 75−81y) women and men t…
Association between prenatal maternal cigarette smoking and early childhood caries. A systematic review.
2017
Background The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between prenatal maternal cigarette smoking (PMCS) and early childhood caries (ECC) through a systematic review of currently available scientific evidence. Material and methods To address the focused question: "Is there an association between PMCS and ECC?" an electronic literature search without time or language restrictions was conducted till May 2017 in indexed databases using various key words including dental caries, pregnancy, smoking, tobacco products and child. Letters to the editor, commentaries, reviews, case reports and case series and studies in which, ECC was investigated without clinical dental examination,…
Spanish validation of the PICCOLO (Parenting Interactions With Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes)
2019
Background/Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Parenting Interactions with Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes (PICCOLO; Roggman et al., 2013a). This observational measure is composed of 29 items that assess the quality of four domains of parenting interactions that promote child development: affection, responsiveness, encouragement, and teaching. Methods: The sample included 203 mother-child dyads who had been video-recorded playing together. Fifty-six percent of the children were male, and 44% were female, aged from 10 to 47 months. Video-recorded observations were rated using PICCOLO items. Results: …
Use of thermography in the diagnosis of pressure ulcers category I: A protocol proposal
2016
ressure ulcers (PU) category I are defined by intact skin with non-blanchable erythema of a localized area, usually over a bony prominence. Although they are often underdiagnosed, they may indicate “at risk” persons. There are available different procedures to diagnose pressure ulcers category I, such as but these methods can produce a misdiagnosis. Infrared thermal imaging may be helpful to resolve his conflict. We propose a protocol to observational and prospective study for the diagnosis of PU category I using thermography. Sin financiación No data (2016) UEV